Alain Chabrier from IBM Decision Optimization team in his Medium.com article argues that not only “AI != ML” pointing to the difference between Data-driven and Knowledge-driven decision models. He even claims that “Decision Optimization has more impact on the real world than ML“.  “Let’s be careful when writing or reading about AI Ethics, AI Fairness, AI Robustness, AI Explanability, etc.. Check whether this is about AI in general or only about ML. The well known concerns about ML fairness and explanability do not apply to Decision Optimization. Let’s not, at the end, conclude that AI does not work as it promised, if, in fact, only one particular technique or technology is not working as it promised.” Link